Spinal Fusion Cages

Achieving biological fixation requires engineered surface textures and chemistries that facilitate cellular proliferation and matrix deposition. Cages are fabricated using additive manufacturing processes that create open-pore architectures (200–800 μm), promoting vascular infiltration and osteoblast adhesion. Surfaces undergo acid-etching, grit-blasting, or hydroxyapatite coating to enhance bioactivity. Porosity and surface energy parameters are tuned to optimize bone remodeling signals and support mechanically stable osseointegration within 12–16 weeks post-implantation. 

Endplate subsidence is a primary mode of mechanical failure in interbody devices, typically arising from mismatch between cage geometry and vertebral anatomy. Spinal fusion cages profiles follow anthropometrically validated endplate curvature models (e.g., lumbar concavity, cervical convexity), minimizing localized contact stress concentrations. Serrated endplate interfaces distribute axial loads over a larger surface area, achieving contact stress <2 MPa—well below vertebral endplate crushing thresholds. Integration with load-bearing cortical bone zones enhances cage stability and reduces implant settling rates over time.